Artist’ and ‘Investigations of a Dog’. Breaks off relations with Milena Jesenska-Pollak. Retires from the insurance company because of his ill-health and works until his death in a sanatorium near Vienna. ‘A Hunger Artist’ published.
1923
Meets Dora Dymant, daughter of an orthodox Polish rabbi, and lives with her for a time in Berlin. His illness drives him to Prague before he enters a sanatorium near Vienna. Writes ‘The Burrow’.
1924
Moves back to Prague. Writes ‘Josephine the Singer’. He is nursed in his last months by Dora Dymant, in a nursing home at Kierling. Dies there and is buried in Prague. Collection,
A Hunger Artist
, published shortly after his death. He leaves a testamentary direction that his work has to be destroyed after his death, which is disregarded by his friend and executor Max Brod.
1925
Publication by Max Brod of
Der Prozess
(
The Trial
).
1926
Publication by Max Brod of
Das Schloss
(
The Castle
).
1927
Publication by Max Brod of the unfinished
Amerika.
DATE
LITERARY CONTEXT
1883
Maupassant:
Une Vie.
Nietzsche:
Thus Spake Zarathustra
(to 1884). Death of Turgenev.
1884
Huysmans:
À Rebours.
Tolstoy’s
What I Believe
is banned.
1885
Howells:
The Rise of Silas Lapham
. Maupassant:
Bel Ami.
Nietzsche:
Beyond Good and Evil.
1886
Rimbaud:
Les Illuminations.
Hardy:
The Mayor of Casterbridge.
Tolstoy:
The Death of Ivan Ilych.
His play,
The Power of Darkness
, offends the Tsar and is banned.
Henry James:
The Bostonians
and
The Princess Casamassima.
1888
Mallarmé:
Poésies.
Strindberg:
Miss Julie.
Sudermann:
Frau Sorge.
Birth of Anna Akhmatova.
1889
Ibsen:
Hedda Gabler.
Hauptmann:
Before Sunrise.
Strindberg:
The Creditors.
Birth of Jean Cocteau.
1890
Hamsun:
Hunger.
Wilde:
The Picture of Dorian Gray
and
The Critic as Artist.
Henry James:
The Tragic Muse.
William James:
The Principles of Psychology.
1891
Wilde:
The Soul of Man under Socialism.
Howells:
A Modern Instance.
Shaw:
Quintessence of Ibsenism.
Birth of Bulgakov.
1892
Hamsun:
Mysteries.
Ibsen:
The Master Builder.
Hauptmann:
The Weavers.
Hofmannsthal:
The Death of Titian.
1893
Fontane:
Frau Jenny Treibel.
Tolstoy:
The Kingdom of God is within You.
Sudermann:
Heimat.
Schnitzler:
Anatol.
Death of Maupassant.
1894
Hamsun:
Pan.
Bryusov publishes
The Russian Symbolists.
Heinrich Mann:
In a Family.
1895
Hardy:
Jude the Obscure.
Fontane:
Effi Briest.
Wilde’s trial and imprisonment; writes
An Ideal Husband
and
The Importance of Being Earnest.
Gorky:
Chelkash.
Birth of Ernst Jünger.
1896
Chekhov:
The Seagull.
Fontane:
Poggenpuhls.
1897
Housman:
A Shropshire Lad.
Henry James:
What Maisie Knew.
1898
Tolstoy:
What is Art?
Zola:
J’accuse.
Shaw:
Plays Pleasant and Unpleasant.
Wilde:
The Ballad of Reading Gaol.
Strindberg:
Inferno.
Thomas Mann:
Little Herr Friedemann.
Svevo:
As a Man Grows Older.
Birth of Erich Maria Remarque.
Death of Fontane and Mallarmé.
1899
Yeats:
The Wind Among the Reeds.
Tolstoy:
Resurrection.
Chekhov:
The Lady with the Little Dog.
Gorky:
Foma Gordeev.
Birth of Borges.
1900
Conrad:
Lord Jim.
Freud:
Interpretation of Dreams.
Schnitzler:
La Ronde.
Dreiser:
Sister Carrie.
Death of Wilde and Nietzsche.
1901
Chekhov:
Three Sisters.
Thomas Mann:
Buddenbrooks.
Strindberg:
Dance of Death.
1902
Rilke:
The Book of Pictures.
Gide:
L’Immoraliste.
Sudermann:
The Joy of Living.
Henry James:
The Wings of the Dove.
Death of Zola.
1903
Thomas Mann:
Tristan, Tonio Kröger.
Moore:
Principia Ethica.
Shaw:
Man and Superman.
1904
Henry James:
The Golden Bowl.
Conrad:
Nostromo.
Pirandello:
The Late Mattia Pascal.
1905
Thomas Mann:
Fiorenza. The Blood of the Walsungs
is withdrawn.
Rilke:
The Book of Hours.
Gumilev:
The Path of the Conquistadors.
Wharton:
The House of Mirth.
Birth of Sholokhov.
1906
Gorky:
The Mother
(to 1907).
Hofmannsthal:
Oedipus and the Sphinx.
Death of Ibsen.
1907
Blok:
The Terrible World.
Rilke:
New Poems.
Strindberg:
The Ghost Sonata.
Adams:
The Education of