but many of them had to become less troublesome first. They had to be weaned to some extent from their sense of what love was like. âThese kids have never found handshakes and nods and smiles rewarding,â said an administrator. âThe only interaction thatâs gotten them attention has been negative and obnoxious.â
So these kids were kept in group homes or other residences, where they could earn points for making eye contact, shaking hands firmly, and eschewing temper tantrums or at least cutting their tantrums back from hour-long to half-hour. If they accumulated enough points, they were told, they might be able to go back home.
âAdult attention is so important that kids will
take
violence,â said a man who, with his wife, ran a group home. âTheyâll
make
you mad at them.â Because thatâs what it had taken to catch their parentsâ eyes. The man told of a boy whoâd been âbeaten by his mother. Badly. His body all . . . broken.â When the boy cried, and the manâs wife tried to comfort him, heâd say, âNobody holds me when I hurt like my mama does.â
âIâm a criminal,â said one blond thirteen-year-old, with what seemed to be a mixture of bemusement and pride.
âNo, youâre not,â said his teaching parent, a man whom the kids called âZapâ and whom we liked a lot. âYou made some mistakes, but youâre not a criminal.â
âI stole a lawnmower,â he said.
âA lawnmower?â I asked. âWhat did you want with a lawnmower?â
âHis parents threw him out of the house,â explained Zap. âHe took the family lawnmower with him so he could support himself.â
âI ainât staying here for no year,â one boy told us. âIâm going
home.
â He had recently complained, when served black-eyed peas and turnip greens, âWe always get white peopleâs food. I want some black peopleâs food.â
What did he call black peopleâs food?
âWeenies,â he said.
Another boy, âEthan,â practiced his âguest skillsâ by showing us around his group home. He showed everything, including the cabinet where they kept the salt. And the salt in the cabinet. Every time I turned to talk to another kid, Ethan showed me something else. And shook my hand. He had scars on his neck that looked like claw marks. He was earning points toward going back home.
âThey come in here,â an administrator told us, âwith, oh, the mark of a barbecue grill on their back. Or . . . there is so much sexual abuse today.â Some kids would go home and get beaten some more and have to come back. âAnd they still defend their parents to the death. If the other kids say, âYour mama is mean,â they get mad. They say their parents are the best thing in the world.â
Slick and I should have known that New Orleans was not the place to go for unalloyed heartwarming. We did find poignant loyalty. I didnât hear anybody say, âHe ainât heavy, Father, heâs my brother,â but we met one nine-year-old who had been going from foster home to âresidential treatment agencyâ to foster home since he was three, when authorities discovered that he was being left at home all day with a loaded revolver to guard his infant brother. And we met a ten-year-old whose twelve-year-old sister was in a different residence. Christmas was coming up. The administrator who introduced us told him he could list his first, second, and third choices from the Sears catalog.
âA tape recorder,â he said, âand if I canât get that, a typewriter.â
The administrator looked surprised. âYou want a typewriter?â he said.
âNo.â
âBut you said . . .â
âFor my sister.â
âWhatâs your third choice?â
âA typewriter for my sister.â
âThat was your