Dark Continent: Europe's Twentieth Century by Mark Mazower Read Free Book Online

(1995). Still, there is little comparative research in this area, and virtually none with any kind of historical perspective.
    Immigration is discussed in R. King (ed.), Mass Migrations in Europe (1993), and J. Salt and H. Clout (eds.), Migration in Postwar Europe: Geographical Essays (Oxford, 1976). S. Collinson, Beyond Borders: West European Migration Policy and the 21st Century (1993), is clear. Rogers Brubaker, Citizenship and Nationhood in France and Germany (Cambridge, Mass., 1992), is an important treatment of forms of citizenship. Racial attitudes and their influence on policy are dealt with by P. Rich, Race and Empire in British Politics (Cambridge, 1990), Z. Layton-Henry, The Politics of Immigration (1992), G. Freeman, Immigrant Labor and Racial Conflict: The French and British Experiences, 1945–1975 (1979), and T. Hammar (ed.), European Immigration Policy (1985). M. Wievorka (ed.), Racisme et xénophobie en Europe (1994), is a good survey.
    Inflation as a political phenomenon is analysed by C. Maier, “The politics of inflation in the 20th century,” in his In Search of Stability (Cambridge, 1987). N. Kaldor, The Scourge of Monetarism (Oxford, 1985) is a vigorous polemic against the kind of neo-liberalism whose revival is wittily recounted in R. Cockett, Thinking the Unthinkable: Think-Tanks and the Economic Counter-Revolution, 1931–1983 (1995). S. Graubard (ed.), “The European predicament,” Daedalus (spring 1979) gives the gloomy flavour of the time. D. Dyker (ed.), The European Economy (1992) is comprehensive and clear. G. Baglioni and C. Crouch (eds.), European Industrial Relations: The Challenge of Flexibility (1990) covers the reality of “flexibilization.” On the rise of mass unemployment, changing attitudes to work and the crisis of the post-war consensus, see B. Showler and A. Sinfield (eds.), The Workless State (Oxford, 1981). The politics of the welfare state in the 1980s is dissected in P. Pierson, Dismantling the Welfare State? Reagan, Thatcher and the Politics of Retrenchment (Cambridge, 1994); see also N. Barr et al., The State of Welfare: The Welfare State in Britain since 1974 (Oxford, 1991), and, for poverty, A. B. Atkinson, Incomes and the Welfare State: Essays on Britain and Europe (Cambridge, 1995). J. Vickers and V. Wright, “The politics of privatisation in Western Europe: an overview,” West European Politics , 11 (1988), pp. 1–30, is excellent, as too V. Wright, “Reshaping the state: implications for public administration,” West European Politics , 17 (1994), pp. 102–33. Some of the more thoughtful and historically nuanced accounts of “modernity” and its aftermath include D. Harvey, The Condition of Postmodernity (1989), A. Giddens, Modernity and Self-Identity (1991).
    J. Rothschild, Return to Diversity: A Political History of East Central Europe since World War Two (1989 edn), is good on the final phase of Soviet rule. The rumblings of discontent with communism are best described by T. Garton Ash, The Uses of Adversity (Cambridge, 1989): brilliant political reportage. On Solidarity there is B. Kaminski, The Collapse of State Socialism: the Case of Poland (Princeton, NJ, 1991), R. Laba, The Roots of Solidarity (Princeton, NJ, 1991), a good collection of documents and testimonies in L. Labedz (ed.), Poland under Jaruzelski (New York, 1984) and T. Garton Ash, The Polish Revolution (1991). D. N. Nelson (ed.), Communism and the Politics of Inequality (Toronto, 1983) analyses communism’s social crisis. Gorbachev’s reforms are discussed by K. Dawisha, Eastern Europe, Gorbachev and Reform (Cambridge, 1990 edn) and by M. Gorbachev, Perestroika (1988). J. Valdez, Internationalism and the Ideology of Soviet influence in Eastern Europe (Cambridge, 1993), is a thoughtful study. S. Graubard (ed.), Eastern Europe … Central Europe … Europe (1991) is an incisive collection of essays on communism’s collapse. A. J. McAdams, “Crisis in the Soviet empire: three