dawning self-understanding which resulted from conscious study of homosexuality and, in Audenâs case, from a brief attempt at psychoanalysis. At Hirschfeldâs institute, sexual love in all its strange and familiar forms was classified, codified, categorized. Along similarly analytical lines, Isherwood and Auden talked endlessly between themselves and with other friends about their relationships, and they read and also talked about Proust, Gide, Corvo, Freud, Jung, Georg Groddeck, Edward Carpenter, and many others. None of these literary and psychological texts offered them a satisfactory account of who they were. In their own work, throughout their careers, each of them continued to consider and address the question in any number of waysâveiled and indirect at first, then, in Isherwoodâs case, increasingly overt as the years went by. The earnest scientific thoroughness with which Evelyn Hooker, like Hirschfeld, approached her research, lent Isherwoodâs way of life in California a reassuringly dull legitimacy and probably contributed to his increasing openness about his homosexuality in his writing as well as in his personal life.
In the early 1950s when he was living next door to Evelyn Hooker, Isherwood agreed to write a popular book with her about homosexuality. The plan came to nothing, in part because when Don Bachardy moved into the garden house with Isherwood, Hookerâs husband became anxious that Bachardyâs youthful appearance would cause a scandal, and the Hookers asked Isherwood to move out. This left Isherwood and Bachardy homelessâa tiny echo of the crisis Isherwood had experienced when Heinz Neddermeyer was refused entry to England in 1934âand it caused a terrible strain in Isherwoodâs friendship with Evelyn Hooker. Two decades later, in December 1970, just as Isherwood was wondering what to write next after
Kathleen and Frank
, she reminded him of the project. But the idea made him anxious, and his reaction was perhaps still colored by resentment at her failure to stand by him in his relationship with Don Bachardy. On December 11 he wrote:
Saw Evelyn Hooker yesterday. She wants me to work with her on a âpopularâ book on homosexuality. . . . I am doubtful about the project. It seems that I shall have to read through sixty case histories and then write about themâwhich really means retell them, and what the hell is the use of that? Non-writers never understand what writers can and cannot do. They think they can tell you what to say and that you will then somehow magically resay it so itâs marvellous. However, I didnât want to refuse straight away. Iâll read some of the stuff first and try to find out exactly what it is that Evelyn expects. She is a very good woman and her intentions are of the noblest and I would like to help her, if I can do so without becoming her secretary.
Isherwood read through just two of the case histories and felt certain that the language of psychology was not his own language. In February he wrote:
This morning I also finished the second of the two files I borrowed from Evelyn Hooker. What a plodding old donkey Psychology is! Evelynâs questions are full of phrases like, âhis own processes of sexual arousal are on an ascending incline,â âI donât have a very clear picture of how much mutual stimulation is going on,â âthe primary stimulation is on the head of the penis, would that be true?,â âwhile I have asked you many questions about sexual preferences and gratifications, I have not really asked you questions couched in his terms of the basic mechanics of sex.â I really canât imagine myself working with Evelyn on this sort of thing; it would be like having to write a book in a foreign language. But I mustnât prejudge the issue. I must wait until we have had a talk and I have found out just exactly what it is she wants me to contribute. 24
By March he