551
   and Albanian independence 282, 284, 285, 287, 461
   and Anglo-Russian Convention 322, 323
   and assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand 408â9, 411
   and Austrian ultimatum to Serbia (July 1914) 428, 462, 463, 465, 471â3, 480â81, 483, 486, 497, 499, 649 n 35, 656 n 51
   background, character and career 188â9, 272
   Balkan Wars and winter crisis 1912-13 260, 261â9, 275â6, 302, 323, 349â50, 481
   Baltic Port Russo-German meetings (1912) 315â18, 510
   and death of Hartwig 432
   illness 259
   and Liman von Sanders mission in Constantinople 339, 340, 341â2, 343â4, 345, 349
   memoirs xxii mobilization of army and preparations for war (July 1914) 475â6, 477, 480â81, 483â4, 485, 486, 504â5, 508â511, 513â14
   and Poincaréâs state visit to St Petersburg (July 1914) 445â6, 448â9
   Potsdam Accord (1910) 189
   and proposed financial assistance to Bulgaria 276, 277
   relations with Paléologue 438
   relations with press 230, 233â4
   and Romania 278, 279
   and Serbo-Bulgarian alliance (1912) 262, 296, 324, 620 n 193
   and Turkish Straits question 260â61, 262, 264, 340â41, 347â9, 352, 355, 485
   visits Britain (1912) 322, 354
Scavenius, Eric 479
Schelde, River 494, 549
Schleswig-Holstein 160
Schlieffen, Alfred von 216, 327
Schlieffen Plan 216, 331, 332, 531, 561
Schmitt, Bernadotte Everly xxiiâxxiii, 454, 642 n 30
Schneider-Creusot (industrial conglomerate) 29
Schnitzler, Arthur 377, 379
Schoen, Wilhelm von 195, 359, 502
Schwarzenberg, Prince Charles 72
Schwertfeger, Bernhard xxii Scouting movement 237â8
Scutari (Shkodër) 253, 256, 283, 284, 285, 287, 330
Second Balkan War (June-July 1913) 42â3, 99, 258, 276, 285, 352
   Treaty of Bucharest 258, 278, 285, 459
   see also Balkan Wars (1912-13) Selborne, William Palmer, 2nd Earl of 138, 592 n 84
Selves, Justin de 192, 205, 206, 209, 211
Semipalatinsk 554
Semlin 469
Senden Bibran, Baron Gustav von 148
September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks xxvii
Serbia:
   Austrian declaration of war against (28 July 1914) 469â70
   Constitution 8, 10, 14, 43, 465
   conventions and trade treaties with Austria 28â9, 33, 79, 94, 228
   coup of 1903 3â5, 12â16, 19â20, 29, 79, 460
   customs union with Bulgaria 80â81, 228
   economy 29â33, 94, 350
   education and literacy 32
   elections 7, 10, 47, 388, 458â9, 460
   financial backing from France 29â31, 33, 38, 43, 46â7, 100, 276, 357
   independence and kingdom status 6, 79
   literature and song-culture 22â4, 42, 51
   militias and guerilla groups ( see also Black Hand) 6â7, 17, 26, 27, 33, 35, 411â12, 456, 464
   monarchy 5â11, 14, 79â80, 170, 452
   Muslim population 25, 31, 44
   nationalism and development of
   foreign policy xxviâxxvii, 10, 20â27, 29, 33â8, 47, 63â4, 256â7, 558
   peasantry 6â7, 17, 31, 32, 33 âpig warâ with Austria (1906-9) 29, 31, 276
   political crisis of May 1914 46â7, 59, 113â14
   press 228, 230, 236, 387â8, 424
   response to Austrian ultimatum
   (July 1914) 457â69
   Serbo-Bulgarian alliance (1912) 252, 256, 262â3, 274, 296, 324, 352, 354
   Serbo-Bulgarian War (1885) 7, 79, 126
   territorial annexations of Balkan Wars 43â6, 62, 99â100, 112â13, 253, 256â8, 280, 283, 284, 285â8, 292, 330, 357, 484
   see also Serbian army;