Bird Sense by Tim Birkhead Read Free Book Online Page B

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Glossary
    Allopreening Preening the feathers of another bird; called ‘allogrooming’ in mammals.
    Amplitude The loudness of a sound; measured as the amount of energy in a sound wave.
    Anosmatic Loss of the sense of smell; smell-blind.
    Anthropomorphism Attributing human characteristics to other animals.
    Aposematic colouration A conspicuous colour pattern that warns of an animal’s toxicity.
    Attenuation Reduction of the intensity of sound over distance.
    Audiogram Also known as an audibility curve. A graph showing frequency on the horizontal axis and hearing level (in decibels), from loud to quiet, on the vertical axis; used particularly to illustrate the softest sounds that can be heard.
    Automaton A self-operating machine.
    Basilar membrane The stiff membrane inside the cochlea of the inner ear that holds the sensory hairs (hair cells) involved in hearing.
    Behavioural ecology The study of the behaviour within an ecological and evolutionary framework.
    Brood parasite A bird (such as the European cuckoo) that parasitises the parental care of other bird species.
    Brood patch An area of featherless skin on the abdomen of a bird through which heat is transmitted to incubate the egg(s). Birds may have one, two or three brood patches.
    Cloacal protrusion The cloacal region of the male vasa parrot inserted into the female during copulation to form a copulatory tie.
    Cochlea The elongated and often coiled (in mammals, but not birds) portion of the inner ear containing the sound-receptive cells.
    Conchae  See ‘nasal concha’.
    Contour feathers The outermost feathers covering the body.
    Degradation of sound Bird song (and other sounds) degrades over distance as a result of factors such as wind and vegetation; as a result, the further away one is from the source of a sound, the more muddled it sounds.
    Distasteful insect An insect that tastes unpleasant and/or is poisonous or has a painful sting.
    Emlen funnel Also known as an orientation cage; used to study migration behaviour in birds. Named after John T. and Steven T. Emlen (father and son, respectively), who invented it in the 1960 s, the circular,