Divided we Fail by Sarah Garland Read Free Book Online Page A

schools;
specific schools
    black middle-income families, 38, 96–97, 116
    Blackmun, Harry A., 91
    Black Nationalism, 25–26, 37, 69, 85–86, 96
    black neighborhood schools, 24, 31–33, 38–39, 153, 169.
See also
all-black schools; black identity; black majority schools
    Black Panthers, 9, 22, 68–69, 71, 119
    black parents: on black identity loss, 103; on busing, 97, 103, 113, 129; education levels of, 105; on school choice, 132–33; on school desegregation, 94, 120, 129, 192; single, 26
    Black Power movements, 21, 70, 96
    black students: achievement, 168, 194–95, 197; advance programs and, 24, 139; assessment testing of, 121, 177–78; and educational benefit of racial diversity, 183, 191, 195; gifted and talented programs and, 166, 169, 191; low-performing schools and, 24–25; magnet schools and, 24, 55–56, 81, 129, 132–33, 133–34; socioeconomic status and, 190; suspension rates of, 146, 160
    black suburban population, 97
    Black Unity League of Kentucky (BULK), 70, 71, 72
    black upper-income families, 124
    Bloomberg, Michael, 196
    Bloom Elementary School, 173, 181
    Board of Education of Oklahoma City v. Dowell
, 118
    Boston, 90, 91
    Boston Latin School (Massachusetts), 155
    boycotts, 50, 57
    Braden, Anne: civil rights activism of, 21, 44–45, 46, 64, 70, 74, 130, 159, 187; Communist conspiracy charges against, 48–49, 54; death of, 188; early years of, 44
    Braden, Carl, 44–45, 48–49, 54, 59, 64, 70, 74
    Branch, Taylor, 147
    Breyer, Stephen, 189
    Brown, Linda, 46
    Brown v. Board of Education:
black activist view of, 40, 146–47; local school district control and, 117; NAACP and, 77, 78, 183; Richard Nixon on, 79; promise of, 167, 189, 194–95; Supreme Court on, ix, x, 46–50, 56
    Buchanan v. Worley
(residential segregation case), 43
    Buechel Metropolitan High School, 124, 146, 188, 192
    BULK (Black Unity League of Kentucky), 70, 71, 72
    Burger, Warren, 117
    Bush, George H. W., 118, 139, 156
    Bush, George W., 177, 182
    busing: achievement gap and, 20, 129; black activists on, 19, 81–82, 84–85, 88, 91, 94–95, 98, 112, 113; black Americans on, 85–87, 94–95; black flight and, 97, 103, 116; black parents on, 97, 103, 113, 129; black student achievement and, 168, 194–95, 197; constitutional amendment on, 87, 88; end of, 117, 120, 195, 198; federal legislation on, 90; as forced assimilation tool, 85–87, 104; James Gordon and, 89, 94, 95, 110; KERA mandated, 121, 125–26, 149, 177, 195; Edwin Meese III on, 116–17; opposition to, xii, 19, 81–82, 84–85, 85–87, 88, 90, 91, 93–94, 94–95, 112, 113; Plan X busing plan, 89, 94, 95, 110; as a political issue, 85–86, 87; racial tensions and, 7, 16, 22, 33, 48, 53, 54, 153, 160; as school desegregation tool, ix, 4–5, 7, 25, 79–80, 84–85, 95, 100, 103–4, 172–74; Supreme Court on, 118, 119, 120
    Cambridge, Massachusetts, 190
    Carmichael, Omer, 52–53, 54, 55–56
    Carmichael, Stokely, 71, 210n42
    Carter, Gene, 117
    CEASE (Citizens for Equitable Assignment to School Environment): on Harold Fenderson, 180; founding of, 23, 24, 70, 188; Kentucky Alliance and, 159–60; membership of, 19, 20, 27, 151; on the
Meredith
case, 187; on racial quotas, 27, 132–34, 137–38; role in
Hampton
cases, 135–36, 137–39, 143–44, 152, 153, 154, 163, 168, 169–70, 187; on school choice, 24, 55–56, 78, 79, 157, 194
    Central High School (Central Colored High School): athletic success of, 39, 82–83, 95; Black Cultural Center in, 22, 179, 189; as a black majority school, 179, 180–81, 187, 188–89; busing and, 95, 104, 112–13; choice provisions and, 56; closure threat, ix, 180; enrollment decline, 22, 23, 114; HEW recommendations for, 81–82; image of, 167–68; improvement funding, 38–39, 50–51, 85–86; as a magnet school, 2–3, 11, 83, 113, 114–15,