involuntary responses that are anxiety based.
• He uses an obvious fact to support a dubious action. She casually tells you something that deserves more attention.
• He exclaims his displeasure at the actions of another who has done something similar so that you will not suspect him.
• If he lies about one thing, everything he says is questionable.
• His story is so wild that you almost don't believe it. But you do, because if he wanted to lie, you think that he would have come up with something more plausible.
P A R T
2
B E C O M I N G A H U M A N L I E
D E T E C T O R
"Deceit, feeding on ignorance, weaves carelessly around the truth, twisting its prey down a path
to destined regret." —
DAVID J. LIEBERMAN
This part contains a sophisticated and comprehensive system of questioning that will get the truth out of any person.
We often go into verbal combat unprepared to do battle.
Because we're unable to think clearly and effectively communicate our thoughts, we think of what we should have said two days later.
The clues to deception can be used with great reliability in everyday situations and conversations. However, if you must know the truth in a given situation, this part provides you with a sequence of questions that virtually guarantees that you will know (a) if you're being lied to and (b) what the truth is if it's not obvious from the lie. This procedure was developed as a result of my research in human behaviour. When used in order, all three phases offer you the greatest opportunity to get at the truth.
OUTLINE
Phase One. Three Attack-Sequence Primers Sometimes this technique in and of itself will reveal a person's guilt, but if it doesn't, you haven't lost any leverage and can proceed to phase two. The primers are used to test a person's vulnerability and to gauge his or her level of concern over a particular subject.
Phase Two. Eleven Attack Sequences
This phase consists of one direct sequence and ten other possible sequences. Use whichever one best fits the situation.
These carefully scripted sequences put you in the best possible position to get at the truth. You will see that the phrasing of your request—what precedes the request and what follows it—is essential. Context is everything!
Phase Three. Eleven Silver Bullets
Fire these off if you're still not satisfied. Perhaps the person hasn't yet confessed but you know he isn't being truthful.
If you feel you've been lied to, but a full confession isn't forthcoming, this phase takes you through an additional process to get to the truth. Though these bullets can be fired in any order you want, some will rule out others. So choose ahead of time which are most appropriate for the situation.
HOW TO PROCEED
Lay the groundwork by starting with phase one. Then choose one of the eleven attack sequences from phase two.
If you haven't gotten a full confession after you try an attack sequence, fire your silver bullets one by one. The results will be truly astonishing.
If terms like arsenal, weapons, and bullets seem warlike, it's understandable. But they're thoroughly appropriate considering the situation. A lie can be very injurious. Protecting yourself is the objective. You need to see the process of detecting deceit for what it really is—a verbal battle. And from now on, when you enter this battle, you will be very well armed.
P H A S E 1
T H R E E A T T A C K - S E Q U E N C E P R I M E R S
Most of us are familiar with the Rorschach test, developed in 1921 by Hermann Rorschach. The test consists of ten bilaterally symmetrical inkblots, each on an individual card.
These abstract shapes, which have no particular meaning or form, are shown one at a time to the subject. Put simply, the theory behind the test is that a person's interpretation of the shapes will reveal his or her unconscious or subli-mated thoughts.
For the sequence primers, we use the same psychological principles but employ them in a whole new way: you find out